感谢楼主的辛勤劳动，学到的不仅是一种语言，还有做人的道理。特别是两只壁虎的故事，令人感动！再次感谢！！！.

天天等着学习，谢谢LZ。.

喜欢你的蓝色字体， 喜欢你的格式，看你的东东好舒服。内容当然是更好啦。谢谢！.

感谢楼上朋友的关注与支持！

家事、国事、天下事，事事关心，奥运牵动着大家伙的心，闭幕式后继续我们的在线交流学习！

.

小女儿浏览到的网站，让我贴上来与大家分享！

边为奥运健儿加油、边学习竞技知识！

http://2008.cn.yahoo.com/data/hp/

.

真不错，辛苦了！.

引用:

原帖由 老妈妈 于 2008-8-24 17:35 发表
真不错，辛苦了！

最近一直忙于不能静心坐在电脑前整理资料，辜负大家了！ 有时间时我会抽时间陆续将整理的资料与大家分享！.

38、cosmopolitan 四海为家的人     .

cosmopolitan:
a.
1. 世界性的,国际性的
New York is a very cosmopolitan city.
纽约是个国际大都会。
2. 世界主义的;无狭隘偏见的;四海为家的
She has a very cosmopolitan outlook on life.
她有四海一家的人生观。
3. 【生】世界的,遍生的,广布的
n.[C]
1. 世界主义者;四海为家者
rootless cosmopolitans
四海漂泊的人
2. 世界各地都有的东西
3. 【生】世界种

比较：
metropolitan
a.
1. 大都市的
metropolitan newspapers
大城市的报纸
2. (基督教)大主教辖区的
3. 宗主国的;宗主城市的
n.[C]
1. 大城市人
2. (常大写)(基督教的)大主教

可见cosmopolitan的范围比metropolitan的范围大。.

cosmopolitan    a.世界性的，全球的 cosmo（世界，宇宙）+poli（看做polis城市）+tan=世界城=世界性的.

例句：
Shanghai is a very cosmopolitan city.
上海完全是个国际大城市。
We will strive to enhance Hong Kong's position as an international financial centre and a cosmopolitan city.
我们将致力提高香港作为国际财经金融中心的地位；充分发挥香港作为国际大都会的作用；
Beijing is the capital of China. It's a cosmopolitan city.
北京是中国的首都，它是一个国际都市。
My home is in the capital. It’s a cosmopolitan city.
我的家在首都，它是一个世界性的大城市。  .

Hongkong in my eyes
我眼中的香港
                                                                by John

    10 years ago when I passed by Hongkong on my trip to Singapore, the impression left on me during the trip was no more than the cheerfulness aroused by the world renowned prosperity of Hongkong full of skyscrapers and duty-free goods . But the trip there this time seemed so incredibly different from the previous one and impressive to me that I’d rather recalled the short stay there from time to time. Clearly it is absolutely due to its universally recognized image as a city well managed by a government characterized by its high efficiency and probity. Actually small and narrow as it is , Hongkong has witnessed its frustration and booming for several centuries and display its charm, value, courage and extraordinary achievement to the whole world . Now the people of Hongkong can take pride not only in their position as a cosmopolitan city but also in their charm acclaimed as a modern and matured city which attracted world wide attention.

    10年前去新加坡路过香港的时候，香港带给我的印象不过是在那充斥着摩天大楼和免税商品的繁华都市开开眼界的新奇之乐。但这次去香港却给了我更深刻的印象。难以置信的是这次我乐意一遍遍地回顾那短暂的逗留。这显然这与香港的良好形象息息相关：即世界公认的高效和廉政。尽管香港是个狭小的地方，但它历经百年沧桑并向全世界展示了自身的魅力、价值、勇气和非凡的成就。如今香港不仅以自己作为国际大都市的地位为荣而且以作为现代化和成熟社会而备受世界关注。

     Wherever I walked around in the street of  Hongkong, I found everything goes on in good order . Although the streets looked narrow as compared with those in the mainland, the traffic moved on astonishingly swiftly and regularly without traffic jam because nobody violated the traffic rule. One day when I took the tube from one place to another, I was informed by the radio there for the first time that nobody is allowed to eat anything in the carriage and I was marveled by the cleanliness there and self –disciplined people all around me! With nobody to maintain the order or supervise us, what came into my eyes are unbelievable sight absolutely never seen :no discarded article , nobody eat or drink anything . I kept silence for a while! Another time when I took a ferry from Hongkong to Macao , I was also touched by the ideal managed order there , such a big ferry carrying several hundred passengers should only be maintained by 2 good mannered stewards ，tranquil and clean  …All in all , what I have seen are evidence of accomplishment of law enforcement

    走在香港的街上，无论在哪里，我都能感受得到管理得当、次序井然。尽管香港的窄小街道与祖国大陆的街道的宽畅无法比拟，但交通运行得快速无阻，因为没人违反交通规则。有天我坐地铁时，还是第一次听到广播通知提醒车上不能吃零食和饮料，我环顾四周真的没见任何废弃物，没人喝饮料。我立刻被眼前的清洁度及人们的自律性所折服。久久说不出话来！
    还有一次我从香港坐轮渡到澳门，我同样被那里有效的秩序所感动，这样装载几百个人的船居然只有2个乘务员来操持,安静，卫生….总之，我在香港的所见所闻都是法制社会成功的明证。

    The trip to Hongkong this time ended with my satisfaction and cherished memory. It undoubtedly expanded my outlook horizon and perspective. Besides, the taste of the modern civilization seems to me a mirror which set me thinking and get on my nevous. A question which haunted me a few weeks long still lingered on my mind :How soon can the mainland of China surpass Hongkong not only in the average economic competence but also in the way dealing with the public affair, in terms of traffic, education, well-fare, security ,etc. Since the returning of Hongkong , the mainland of China has no reason to leg behind its subordinate in any mean in the long run. So, just like many Chinese, I have a dream that the day will come when all those in Hongkong will be attracted by and feel proud of the mainland in their inner heart. Probably it ‘s the day when China gets universally recognized for its real prosperity that let its people enjoy unprecedented happiness, for its good image that amaze the world  as a diligent and effective government eliminating abuse of power and corruption .

    本次香港之行带着珍贵的记忆满意而归。此行无疑扩大了我的眼界。而且，对现代文明的零距离接触对我来说就象一面镜子，既让我深思又使我不安。困绕我几个星期的问题始终在脑海里挥之不去：多久我们祖国大陆不仅在平均经济实力上而且在管理公众事务上超越香港，其中包括交通、教育、社会福利、社会治安？自香港回归祖国后，祖国大陆没任何理由长久以往落后自己的一个特区。因此，就象很多中国人一样，我有个梦：有朝一日所有香港市民会发自内心为伟大祖国感到自豪并依恋。或许这将是中国走向举世认同的真正繁荣昌盛之日，这种繁荣昌盛让它的人民享有前所未有的幸福；或许这将是中国政府展现更好形象之日，这种廉政勤政形象让整个世界都为之动容…...

北京欢迎你

    2008年，当您置身于“同一个世界，同一个梦想”的奥运盛会中，您也将同时感受着北京这座东方文明古都风貌。
　　北京是辽、金、元、明、清5个朝代的都城，世界上最大的皇宫——紫禁城坐落在京城的中轴线上，加上皇家园林颐和园、万里长城以及著名的北京四合院恭王府等等，全市文物古迹达到7300多项，旅游景点200多处。
　　作为首都，北京是中国的政治、文化、外交中心，这个拥有1100多万人口的城市已经成为一个现代化国际大都市。首都机场距市中心23.5公里，是目前中国规模最大、设备最先进的航空港；市内仅五星级宾馆就有近40家，国际直拨电话可达240个国家和地区。
　　北京的8、9月份正值夏末秋初，最高温度在30℃左右，最低温度18℃左右。这是北京一年当中最好的季节，天空蓝得一泻千里；如果站在紫禁城的高处，能够看到辽远的燕山山脉，既高朗，又静远，整个城市都显得格外大气、通透。可以说，北京既有古典风韵，又具时尚气息。

Welcome to Beijing
In 2008, when you are at the grand occasion of the Olympic Games with the theme slogan of "One World One Dream", you will also find yourselves experiencing the oriental ancient civilization of Beijing.
Beijing was the capital city of the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties of China. The largest palace in the world, the Forbidden City, is located on the central axis of Beijing city. Together with the Summer Palace -- a royal park, the Great Wall, Beijing Royal Quadrangle Courtyard etc, Beijing has 7300 cultural relics and historical sites, as well as more than 200 scenic spots.
Beijing, the Capital City, is the political, cultural and diplomatic centre of China. It has become a modern international cosmopolitan city with more than 11 million people. The Capital International Airport, 23.5 km from the city centre, is China's largest and most advanced airport. There are close to 40 five-star hotels in Beijing and the international direct distance dialing can reach 240 countries and regions.
August and September are the end of summer and the beginning of autumn in Beijing, with the highest temperature around 30°C and the lowest temperature around 18°C. This is the best season of the year in Beijing when the sky is blue and clear. The city feels especially spacious and airy when the distant lofty Yanshan Ridge could be seen from the height of the Forbidden City. Beijing can be said to have the charm of antiquity as well as the spirit of modernity indeed..

四海为家的三毛

颇富传奇色彩的台湾女作家三毛，离开我们已经好几年了，她的一生像她的英文名字Echo一样，给我们留下了许多美好而浪漫的“回音”。她浪迹天涯，游历世界五十多个国家，写下了大量脍炙人口的故事，留给我们心灵的震撼。

1、可是是最全的三毛的相册了吧？
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/CxpEXP3uVHk/
2、 橄榄树
http://bbs.cn.yahoo.com/message/ ... UQ1JUJF_219657.html

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-9-1 23:57 编辑 ].

39.bubble 气泡 .

bubble ['bʌbl]   
n. 泡沫
vi. 冒泡,沸腾
vt. 使冒泡,滔滔不绝地说

词形变化
时　态：bub•bled, bub•bling, bub•bles
近义词 foam：泡沫；spray：飞沫状物.

常用短语
bubble economy泡沫经济
bubble over v.冒泡溢出,激动起来 盈满; 洋溢 热心; 兴高采烈 达到顶点; 极度
bubble up v.冒泡,沸腾
bubble off 形成气泡溢出
bubble out 勃突勃突地涌出
soap bubble n. 肥皂泡,徒有其表的东西
air bubble n.气泡
the bubble of the cooking pot 炒菜锅发出的沸腾声
bubble and squeak n. 炸马铃薯和洋白菜
bubble bath <美>泡沫浴,泡沫剂
bubble gum n. <美>泡泡糖  (chewing gum. 口香糖)
blow bubbles (用细管)吹肥皂泡; 空谈; 空想; 象孩子一样作乐
prick a bubble 戳破肥皂泡; 戳穿西洋镜, 揭破真面目
prick the bubble 戳破肥皂泡; 戳穿西洋镜, 揭破真面目
bubble and squeak 油煎土豆卷心菜; 杂烩; 无足轻重者 碎肉 虚有其表, 虚荣

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-9-4 10:26 编辑 ].

例句：
Super bubble Pop
超级立体泡泡
The water was bubbling gently in the pan.
水在锅里轻轻地冒着气泡。
The kettle is at the bubble.
壶里的水在沸腾。
The water was bubbling in the copper kettle.
水在铜壶里沸腾。
The child was blowing bubbles in her juice with a straw.
那个小孩用麦秆在果汁里吹泡泡。
The room was full of the bubble and the squeak of conversation.
满屋子的人所谈的都是空洞琐碎的事情。
A bubble will burst at the slightest touch.
气泡稍微一碰就破。
If it was all a bubble, I was indeed sorely cheated and left in a sore pass
要是一切都是泡影，那我真的是遭到了痛心的欺骗，而陷入悲惨的境地中了。
Little tadpoles and efts began to bubble up through the water, and to race along beneath it
小小的蝌蚪和水蜥蜴，都开始在水面儿上吐泡儿，在水里面角逐。
His bubble has burst.
他的幻想破灭了。
To bubble;gurgle.
发出潺声或汩汩声。
Like a dream and a bubble’s shadow, illusion
梦幻泡影
"Each bathroom has a supply of soap , bottle of shampoo and bubble bath . "
每个浴室都备有香皂、洗发液和浴液。
For five years, this region was a bubble of optimism, growing fatter and fatter while its walls stretched thinner.
五年来，这一地区宛如一个乐观的肥皂泡，越吹越大，而其四壁却越抻越薄。
The water begins to bubble.
水开始起泡了。
She is blowing the bubble.
她正在吹汽泡。
“Most people live in a bubble.
“很多人生活在泡影里。
Lost money in the real estate bubble.
在做房地产投机买卖中亏了本
Then excitement seemed to bubble over inside her.
这时她似乎兴奋到了极点
Mary was bubbling with joy.
玛莉得意洋洋。.

字根是 bubble 泡泡
1 bubble 泡泡+ bath (n)洗澡＝bubblebath (n),字面上的意思是“泡泡浴”
2 bubble 泡泡+ gum (n)树脂，口香糖＝bubblegum (n), 可以吹泡泡的口香糖，指“泡泡糖”。
3 soap (n)肥皂 + bubble 泡泡= soapbubble (v), 用肥皂水来吹泡泡。

_____PS:在英语里用的 bubble-gum，所以这个构词是与外国人的思维一致的。为更能表达出“泡泡糖”“泡泡”的响声，用veziko的一个同义词来代替，说成 bobelgumo.

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-9-4 13:54 编辑 ].

“泡沫”如何翻译


日常生活中，“泡沫”有很多意思，那么我们应该怎样正确翻译它呢？ “泡沫”的第一个意思是“聚在一起的许多小泡”。英语可以翻译为“bubble/foam”。
　　例如： “The child likes to blow bubbles into water through a straw.”（这个喜欢用麦秆吸管往水里吹泡泡。）
　　“The glass of beer has a good head of foam.”（这杯啤酒上有厚厚的一层泡沫。）
　　“The extinguisher is filled with chemical foam.”（这个灭火器里充满了化学泡沫。）
　　“泡沫”的第二个意思是比喻某一事物表面上的繁荣，而实际上虚假不实的成分。英语翻译为“bubble”，
　　例如： “As a stock market bubble is taking shape, the investors should take precautions against the risks.”（股市泡沫正在形成，投资者应该防范风险。）
　　“In March of 2003, the Internet bubble suddenly burst. ”（2003年3月，互联网泡沫爆裂。）
　　“经济泡沫”可以翻译为“economic bubble”，而“泡沫经济”翻译为“bubble/foamy economy”。
例如“ ”A real estate bubble is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets.“（房地产泡沫是本地或全球房地产市场周期性发生的一种经济泡沫。） ”Bubble economy usually starts with false prosperity and ends in a breakout of crises. “（泡沫经济通常以虚假繁荣开始，以危机爆发告终。）.

单词巧记忆

形近词
ble^
foible n.小缺点,小毛病
fumble v.摸索,搜寻
finable adj.应罚款的
friable a.易碎的

bble^
babble v.说蠢话,牙牙学语
bubble v.起泡n.气泡,水泡
dabble v.涉足,浅赏
dribble v.(液体)往下滴,淌
gabble v.急促而不清楚地说
gobble v.贪婪地吃,吞没
hobble v.蹒跚,跛行
nibble v.一点点地咬,慢慢啃
pebble n.小卵石,石子
quibble n.遁词,吹毛求疵的反对意见
rabble n.乌合之众,暴民,下等人
rubble n.(一堆)碎石,瓦砾
scribble v.乱写、乱涂

ddle^
addle v.使腐坏,使昏乱
cuddle v.n.搂抱,拥抱
huddle v.挤成一堆n.一堆人(杂物)
mollycoddle v.过份爱惜,娇惯
n.娇生惯养的人
muddle n.混乱,迷惑
puddle n.水坑,洼
saddle n.鞍,马鞍
twaddle n.胡说八道,瞎扯
waddle v.(鸭子等)摇摇摆摆地走
doddle n.轻而易举之事

pple^
cripple n.跛子v.(使)残废
stipple v.点画,点描
supple adj伸屈自如的,灵活的
topple v.倾覆,推倒

ttle^
belittle v.轻视,贬抑
guttle v.狼吞虎咽
mettle n.勇气,斗志
nettle n.荨麻v.烦忧,激恼
prattle v.闲聊,空谈
scuttle v.急赶、疾走,逃辟
scuttle n.舷窗、舱口盖
throttle v.掐脖子,扼杀n.节流阀
whittle v.削(木头),削减
tattle v.闲谈,泄密

zzle^
drizzle v.n.下毛毛雨,毛毛雨
embezzle v.盗用,侵吞
guzzle v.大吃大喝
jigsaw puzzle n.拼图游戏
nuzzle v.用鼻擦,触,紧挨
razzle n.狂欢聚会.

“被称为“泡泡墙”（Bubble Wall）“水立方” 名字的来由
　　据建筑师介绍，“水立方”的名字灵感来源于“一个方盒子”、许多“水泡泡”和许多的“水分子”的想象与话题，于是五花八门的创意都涌向了这个方盒子。在这些创意中间，一个英文名“水的立方体”（Water Cube）既表达了方形的，又与水相关，引起了很多人的注意。经过大家的深思熟虑后，确定了“水立方”这一简洁明了的名字。.

泡泡季节，童言童心不散
泡泡世界，处处满载生趣

吹泡泡，鼓起了粉粉的腮帮子；吹泡泡，一个又一个，透明的泡泡在阳光下跳舞，变成七彩的玲珑，自己仿佛也拥抱了太阳；吹泡泡，无忧无虑的童年，许多美丽纯真的梦想，闪着耀眼夺目的光芒，随之升起。童年的画卷，伴着棉花糖，于是展开。。。.

双语美文欣赏：无法替代的父亲
　  A father's job is unique.
　　当爸是件无人能替代的活儿。
　　If parents had job descriptions mine would read:
　　如果为人父母有职务简述的话，我的"职务简述"将会包括如下内容：
　　organize bills, playmates, laundry, meals, laundry, carpool1, laundry, snacks, outings and shopping, and laundry.
　　管理账单和孩子们的玩耍同伴、洗衣、做饭、洗衣、安排与人合伙用车、洗衣、准备小吃、安排短途旅游、购物、洗衣。
　　The only thing on my husband's description would be the word "fun" written in big red letters along the top.
　　我先生的"职务简述"是在上端用红色写出的两个大字——"乐子"。
　　Although he is a selfless caregiver and provider,
　　尽管他无私地给予孩子们百般关爱，尽其所能为他们提供所需，
　　our children think of him more as a combination of a jungle gym and bozo and clown.
　　我们的孩子们更多的时候还是把他看作攀缘游戏架、大傻瓜和小丑的三合一。
　　Our parenting styles compliment each other.
　　我们俩为人父母的风格是互补的。
　　His style is a nonstop adventure
　　他的风格是持续不断的探险，
　　where no one has to worry about washing their hands, eating vegetables, or getting cavities4.
　　在这过程中，没有人需要操心孩子是不是洗手了，是不是吃蔬菜了，或者会不会长蛀牙。
　　My style is similar to Mussolini5.
　　我的风格则类似墨索里尼的执政风格。
　　I'm too busy worrying to be fun.
　　我太忙了，为这操心，为那操心，哪里顾得上找什么乐子。
　　Besides, every time I try, I am constantly outdone by my husband.
　　再者，每次我试图逗孩子们开心，我总是被我先生比下去。
　　I bought my children bubble gum flavored toothpaste,
　　我给孩子们买来带泡泡糖香味的牙膏，
　　and I taught them how to brush their teeth in tiny circles so they wouldn't get cavities.
　　教他们如何用牙刷转圈儿刷牙以免得蛀牙。
　　They thought it was neat until my husband taught them ,
　　他们认为那样刷挺好玩，直到有一天我先生教他们
　　how to rinse6 by spitting out water between their two front teeth like a fountain.
　　如何漱口——从两颗门牙间把水喷出来。他们发现这才叫好玩。
　　I took the children on a walk in the woods and, after two hours,
　　我带孩子们到小树林里去散步，两个小时后，
　　I managed to corral7 a slow ladybug8 into my son's insect cage.
　　我好不容易才逮住一个迟钝的瓢虫放进我儿子的虫笼里。
　　I was "cool" until their father came home, spent two minutes in the backyard,
　　在他们眼里我是够"酷"的，直到他们的父亲回家，在后院里只花了两分钟，
　　and captured a beetle the size of a Chihuahua9.
　　便捕获了一只有奇瓦瓦小狗那么大的甲虫！
　　I try to tell myself I am a good parent even if my husband does things I can't do.
　　我劝慰自己我是个好妈妈，尽管我先生能做的事情我做不了。
　　I can make sure my children are safe, warm, and dry.
　　我可以确保我的孩子们是安全的、暖和的、干干爽爽的。
　　I'll stand in line for five hours so the children can see Santa at the mall
　　我可以排队等5个小时，让孩子们在大商场里看到圣诞老人
　　or be first in line to see the latest Disney movie.
　　——或者第一个排队让孩子们看最新的迪斯尼影片。
　　But I can't wire the VCR1 so my children can watch their favorite video.
　　但是我不会给录像机接上电线，好让孩子们看他们喜欢的录像。
　　I can carry my children in my arms when they are tired, tuck them into bed, and kiss them goodnight.
　　当孩子玩累时，我可以把他们抱到床上，亲吻他们，送他们进入梦乡。
　　But I can't flip them upside down so they can walk on the ceiling ,
　　但是我无法让他们头冲下，那样他们可以脚踏天花板漫步；
　　or prop them on my shoulders so they can see the moths flying inside of the light fixture.
　　或者把他们扛在我的肩膀上，让他们看飞蛾如何在灯具里飞舞。
　　I can take them to doctor appointments, scout meetings, or field trips to the aquarium,
　　我可以带他们去看医生，参加童子军集会，或者带他们去参观水族馆，
　　but I'll never go into the wilderness, skewer a worm on a hook, reel in a fish,
　　但是我永远也不会进入荒郊野地，在鱼钩上挂上虫饵，钓上一条鱼，
　　and cook it over an open flame on a piece of tin foil.
　　然后把鱼用锡纸包起来在明火上烤着吃。
　　I'll even sit in the first row of every Little League game and cheer until my throat is sore and my tonsils are raw,
　　我甚至可以出席每一场少年棒球联合会的比赛，坐在第一排呐喊助威，直到我的嗓子喊疼了，我的扁桃体发炎了，
　　but I'll never teach my son how to hit a home run9 or slide into first base10.
　　但是我永远无法教我的儿子如何打一个本垒打或者如何巧妙进入一垒的位置。
　　As a mother I can do a lot of things for my children, but no matter how hard I try I can never be their father.
　　作为一个母亲，我可以为我的孩子们做许多事情，但是不管我怎样努力——我永远成为不了他们的父亲。　　

                                          ____金秋送爽收获的日子,献给职业是父亲的旺旺BB们

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-9-4 15:16 编辑 ].

顶，请继续，期待中.......

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好帖，我也在学习中。太感谢了！.

加油吧.

这么好的帖子，没有理由不顶。.

每日下载,每日学习,LZ加油!.

真是好妈妈,学习学习,参与了..

“Thank you, my dear fellow, I am very grateful…   ”
“谢谢，好朋友们，我很感激……”

很惭愧！ 本想暑假学完的，计划不如变化大，一是安然自己水平低却又太要求完美了，二是奥运会让自己热血沸腾天天当啦啦队员，三是SL事件提醒自己要学会先关爱自己的健康、关爱所有你爱的人、和爱你的人的健康！

谢谢旺友们一路和安然一起走来!感谢朋友们的信任、和顶帖!您们的支持是安然学习和进步的动力！有您们同行，安然会尽快和大家一起欣赏完70个最美的单词的！ .

Friend
A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
There's always going to be people that hurt you,so what you have to do is keep on trusting and just be more careful about who you trust next time around.
别人常常伤害你，所以你该继续付出信任，并小心挑选你下次信任的人。
Make youself a better person and know who you are before you try and know someone else and expect them to know you.
在你想了解别人也想让别人了解你之前，先完善并了解自己。
Remember:Whatever happens,happens for a reason.
要记住：任何事情的发生都有因有起。
How many people actually have 8 true friends?Hardly anyone I know.But some of us have all right friends and good friends.
有多少人可以拥有八个真正的朋友？就我所知少之又少。但我们会有泛泛之交和好友。


点击收听http://www.wwenglish.com/demomedia/yssw/wwenglish.com_14.mp3.

送给朋友们。。。

http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/9bZClSBuCR8/.

40、pumpkin.

pumpkin ['pʌmpkin]
         
n.
【植】南瓜, 南瓜藤
[美俚]重要人物, 大亨; [美俚]头, 脑袋瓜
[美俚]乡村小镇

习惯用语
some pumpkins [美口]了不起的人物[东西]
pumpkin ash  
绒毛白蜡树
pumpkin seed  
西葫芦子，南瓜子.

与 pumpkin 相关的例句
1、Hollow out a pumpkin.    挖空南瓜
2、“What is it, Pumpkin?    “怎么了，小鬼？”
3、Apple, banana cream and pumpkin.    有苹果、香蕉奶油和南瓜派。
4、similar to pumpkin pie but made with winter squash instead of pumpkin.   
与南瓜馅饼类似，只是用冬天的南瓜汁代替了南瓜。
5、Apple, banana cream and pumpkin pie.   
有苹果馅饼、香蕉奶油馅饼和南瓜馅饼。
6、Then a piece of pumpkin pie, please.   
那就给我来一块南瓜馅饼吧。
7、A piece of pumpkin pie and coffee, please.   
请给我一块南瓜派和一杯咖啡。
8、He clove the pumpkin with his kitchen knife.   
他用菜刀把那南瓜剖开。
9、When I visited America I loved eating pumpkin pie.   
当我在美国的时候，我喜欢吃南瓜馅饼。
10、The pumpkin is a real monster.   
这南瓜可真大。
11、The fruit of any of various related plants, such as the cantaloupe, watermelon, cucumber, squash, pumpkin, and melon, having a hard or leathery rind, fleshy pulp, and numerous flattened seeds.   
瓜果任何一种相关植物的果实，例如香瓜、西瓜、黄瓜、南瓜和香瓜，长有硬且坚韧的皮、饱满的果肉和许多扁平的种子。
12、A lantern made from a hollowed pumpkin with a carved face, usually displayed on Halloween.   
杰克灯，南瓜灯把南瓜挖空并雕成人面形状，通常在万圣节出现。.

Growing a Big Pumpkin. A Really Big Pumpkin (2/1)
   Joe Jutras lives in a small state, Rhode Island, but he thinks big. This year he grew a pumpkin weighing seven hundred sixty kilograms.
His pumpkin broke the world record set in two thousand six. Another Rhode Islander, Ron Wallace, grew last year's champion. That one weighed six hundred eighty-one kilograms. Huge pumpkins like these can sell for ten thousand dollars. Some people are willing to pay hundreds of dollars for a single seed.
Sue Jutras explained to us how her husband grew his record pumpkin and a few smaller but still really big ones.He started the seeds indoors in April. When the third leaf appeared, he planted them outdoors under a temporary shelter. He removed the shelter once the root system began to push against it.
He buried the vines so the root system could continue to grow. He fed the plant a mixture containing fish and seaweed.
参考译文：
Joe Jutras住在小州---罗德岛，但是他的想法却很大。今年，他种出了重达760公斤的南瓜。
他的南瓜打破了2006年的世界纪录。去年夺冠的是另一位罗德岛居民，Ron Wallace种植的南瓜。那个南瓜重达681公斤。像这样的巨型南瓜可以卖1万美金。有些人很愿意花几百美元买一颗这种南瓜的种子。
Sue Jutras向我们解释了他丈夫是怎样种植这种破纪录的南瓜和其它一些相对较小但实际上仍然很大的南瓜。在四月，他在室内播种。当南瓜长出第三片叶子时，他将植物移种到室外一个临时小棚中。在南瓜根开始向棚伸展的时候，他将小棚移除。
他将（南瓜的）藤茎埋入土中，这样其根茎可以继续生长。他用一种含有鱼类和海藻的混合物给植物施肥。.

Growing a Big Pumpkin. A Really Big Pumpkin (2/2)
    He worked with his record-breaker twenty to thirty hours each week during the main growing season in July and August. He needed a forklift truck to carry it to the official weighing. The competition took place a few weeks ago at a fair in Topsfield, Rhode Island.
By the way, Joe Jutras is not a farmer. He operates a woodworking business -- that is, when he is not taking care of his pumpkins.
When Americans, especially children, think of pumpkins, they usually think of Halloween on October thirty-first. Pumpkins are a traditional part of the celebration. People like to cut funny or scary faces into pumpkins and put a candle inside.
Fresh pumpkins might end up as jack-o-lanterns at Halloween. But canned pumpkin meat is popular in pies, breads and other baked goods, and pumpkin seeds are eaten as snacks.Five states produced more than one hundred million dollars worth of pumpkin last year. The top producers by value were Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Illinois and California.
参考译文：
在南瓜生长季节7、8月间，他每周会花20-30小时照顾这个破记录的南瓜。他需要用铲车把这颗南瓜载到官方称重地点称重。这项比赛在几周前在罗德岛Topsfield的一个集市中开始。
顺便说一下，Joe Jutras并不是农民。他经营一家木工艺厂；更确切的说，当它不需要照顾他的南瓜时，他在经营那家工厂。
美国人，尤其是儿童，一想起南瓜，他们通常会想到10月31日的万圣节。南瓜是庆典中的传统物品。人们喜欢把南瓜雕刻成滑稽或可怕的脸孔，然后在里面放上蜡烛。
新鲜的南瓜可能最终在万圣节被雕刻成南瓜灯。但是罐装南瓜肉常用于制作馅饼、面包和其它一些烘培产品，并且，南瓜籽可被当作零食。去年，五个州种植的南瓜产值达1亿美元。产值最高的州为俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、纽约州、伊利诺州和加州。 .

双语：如何制作南瓜灯
Halloween is almost upon us. Have you started unpacking your Halloween decorations to decorate your home? Do you want to make your own pumpkin carving? Today let me show you some simple instructions to carve a traditional Jack-o'-lantern.
万圣节快到了，你开始准备装饰你的屋子了吗？你想自己动手刻一盏南瓜灯吗？今天来跟我一起学做一盏传统样式的南瓜灯吧！
Carving a pumpkin into a Jack-O'-Lantern freehand is very easy and only takes a few basic tools. A large spoon or ice-cream scoop, a thin bladed knife and some newspaper will get you started.
刻一个没有提手的南瓜灯其实非常简单，只需要一些基础的工具。你需要准备一把大勺子或者一个冰激凌铲，一把薄刃的刀子和一些报纸就可以开始啦。
With a long, thin bladed knife, cut out the top of the pumpkin a few inches out from the stem. The hole should be large enough to allow you to scoop out the guts (seeds and stringy membrane) by hand and with a large spoon. Generally, the size of the hole should be about two-thirds the diameter of the pumpkin. While you can cut a round circle out, you'll find that cutting a five or six sided opening will work the best. As you cut out the top hole, angle the knife so that the lid and hole will be somewhat cone shaped. This will help prevent the lid from falling into the hole. Now use the spoon to scrap the inside walls clean.
先用薄刃的长刀从南瓜顶部切去几英寸，切出的洞必须足够你可以用勺子把里面的种子和纤维膜等杂物挖出来。一般来说，这个洞的直径大约为南瓜直径的三分之二左右。建议你挖成五边或者六边形，这样比较简单。注意切下去的时候刀子斜插进去，这样就会切成一个锥形的盖子，免得盖子掉进南瓜肚子里面去。
Inspect the surface of the pumpkin to decide the best side to carve your face. Now, visualizing the face you want to carve, use your knife to carefully cut out the individual parts of the face or you can pre-marked the pumpkin by using a Crayon to draw the face onto the surface of the pumpkin and cut through the lines you drew. When you are finished cutting, carefully push out the pieces to view the final results.
观察南瓜表皮，选好刻脸的一面。你可以先用蜡笔在表皮上画出图案，然后沿着画线刻出来。敲掉无用的部分，看看最终样子。
Make sure that you have scrapped the bottom of the pumpkin flat, so that the candle will sit level in the pumpkin. We prefer the traditional use of candles to illuminate our Jack-O'-Lanterns. A Votive candle, placed in a clear glass candle holder is safer and will actually last longer. Also, plain white candles give off the most light and will illuminate the inside of your Jack-O'-Lantern the best.
一定记得把南瓜的底部削平，好让蜡烛能够坐进去。还是推荐使用传统的蜡烛来点亮南瓜灯。在玻璃灯盏中放上蜡烛可以让它燃烧得更久，也更安全。纯白色的蜡烛点亮之后光更亮，效果也最好。
A simple Jack-O'-Lantern may not satisfy you. If you need a unique pattern of a pumpkin light to make you stand out among all the Jack-O'-Lanterns, try to download some free but interesting patterns here. You can print them  and stick it on the pumpkin to begin the carving.
嫌传统的南瓜灯不够出位？你可以点击这里下载更多的南瓜灯图案哦。把它们打印出来贴在南瓜上，就可以开始雕刻啦。.

万圣节的习俗及Halloween一词的由来
万圣节快到了，你是否也想过一过这个西方的“鬼节”呢？
在西方国家，每年的10月31日，有个“Halloween”，辞典解释为“The eve of All Saints'Day”，中文译作：“万圣节之夜”。万圣节是西方国家的传统节日。这一夜是一年中最“闹鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼节”。
两千多年前，欧洲的天主教会把11月1日定为“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即圣徒之意。传说自公元前五百年，居住在爱尔兰、苏格兰等地的凯尔特人 (CELTS) 把这节日往前移了一天，即10月31日。他们认为该日是夏天正式结束的日子，也就是新年伊始，严酷的冬季开始的一天。那时人们相信，故人的亡魂会在这一天回到故居地在活人身上找寻生灵，借此再生，而且这是人在死后能获得再生的唯一希望。而活着的人则惧怕死魂来夺生，于是人们就在这一天熄掉炉火、烛光，让死魂无法找寻活人，又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂灵吓走。之后，他们又会把火种烛光重新燃起，开始新的一年的生活。传说那时凯尔特人部落还有在10月31日把活人杀死用以祭奠死人的习俗。
到了公元1世纪，占领了凯尔特部落领地的罗马人也渐渐接受了万圣节习俗，但从此废止了烧活人祭死人的野蛮做法。罗马人庆祝丰收的节日与凯尔特人仪式结合，戴着可怕的面具，打扮成动物或鬼怪，则是为了赶走在他们四周游荡的妖魔。这也就是今天全球大部分人以古灵精怪的打扮，来庆祝万圣节的由来。时间流逝，万圣节的意义逐渐起了变化，变得积极快乐起来，喜庆的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的说法也渐渐被摒弃和忘却。到了今天，象征万圣节的形象、图画如巫婆、黑猫等，大都有友善可爱和滑稽的脸。.

The Origin of Halloween
万圣节的起源
While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistent   by all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same.
尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同，但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。
Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feast   of Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead.
万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于Samhain节的庆祝活动，Samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。
Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition   .
Samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在Samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。
The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night. Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacify   the evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating.
凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄 。因为他们认为不是所有的灵魂都是友善的，所以就把礼物和好吃的留在外面安慰恶灵来确保来年的庄稼可以丰收。这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-10-31 23:49 编辑 ].

The History Halloween
历史上的万圣节
Halloween is on October 31st, the last day of the Celtic calendar. It was originally   a pagan   holiday, honoring the dead. Halloween was referred to as All Hallows Eve and dates back to over 2000 years ago.
10月31日是万圣节，这也是凯尔特历的最后一天。万圣节起初是一个异教徒的节日，纪念死去的人。万圣节源于圣徒日前夜，始于2000多年前。
All Hallows Eve is the evening before All Saints Day, which was created by Christians to convert   pagans, and is celebrated on November 1st. The Catholic church honored saints on this designated day.
圣徒日前夜是圣徒日的前一天晚上，圣徒日在11月1日，是基督徒开创的节日，用来劝说异教徒皈依基督，天主教堂在这一天纪念圣徒们。
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万圣节的习俗——不请吃就捣乱
万圣节的一个有趣内容是“Trick or treat”，这习俗却并非源自爱尔兰，而是始于公元九世纪的欧洲基督教会。那时的１１月２日，被基督徒们称为 “ALL SOULS DAY”（万灵之日）。在这一天，信徒们跋涉于僻壤乡间，挨村挨户乞讨用面粉及葡萄干制成的“灵魂之饼”。据说捐赠糕饼的人家都相信教会僧人的祈祷，期待由此得到上帝的佑护，让死去的亲人早日进入天堂。这种挨家乞讨的传统传至当今竟演变成了孩子们提着南瓜灯笼挨家讨糖吃的游戏。见面时，打扮成鬼精灵模样的孩子们千篇一律地都要发出“不请吃就捣乱”的威胁，而主人自然不敢怠慢，连声说“请吃！请吃！”同时把糖果放进孩子们随身携带的大口袋里。
另外还有南瓜雕空当灯笼的故事。这又是源于古代爱尔兰。故事是说一个名叫JACK的人，是个醉汉且爱恶作剧。一天 JACK 把恶魔骗上了树，随即在树桩上刻了个十字，恐吓恶魔令他不敢下来，然后 JACK 就与恶魔约法三章，让恶魔答应施法让 JACK 永远不会犯罪为条件让他下树。 JACK 死后，其灵魂却既不能上天又不能下地狱，于是他的亡灵只好靠一根小蜡烛照着指引他在天地之间倘佯。在古老的爱尔兰传说里，这根小蜡烛是在一根挖空的萝卜里放着，称作“JACK LANTERNS”，而古老的萝卜灯演变到今天，则是南瓜做的 Jack-O-Lantern 了。据说爱尔兰人到了美国不久，即发现南瓜不论从来源和雕刻来说都比萝卜胜一筹，于是南瓜就成了万圣节的宠物。
孩子们喜爱的节日
万圣节是儿童们纵情玩乐的好时候。它在孩子们眼中，是一个充满神秘色彩的节日。夜幕降临，孩子们便迫不及待地穿上五颜六色的化妆服，戴上千奇百怪的面具，提上一盏“杰克灯”跑出去玩。“杰克灯”的样子十分可爱，做法是将南瓜掏空，外面刻上笑眯眯的眼睛和大嘴巴，然后在瓜中插上一支蜡烛，把它点燃，人们在很远的地方便能看到这张憨态可掬的笑脸。
收拾停当后，一群群装扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“杰克灯”，跑到邻居家门前，威吓般地喊着：“要恶作剧还是给款待”、“给钱还是给吃的”。如果大人不用糖果、零钱款待他们，那些调皮的孩子就说到做到：好，你不款待，我就捉弄你。他们有时把人家的门把手涂上肥皂，有时把别人的猫涂上颜色。这些小恶作剧常令大人啼笑皆非。当然，大多数人家都非常乐于款待这些天真烂漫的小客人。所以万圣节前夜的孩子们总是肚子塞得饱饱的，口袋装得满满的。
万圣节前夜最流行的游戏是“咬苹果”。游戏时，人们让苹果漂浮在装满水的盆里，然后让孩子们在不用手的条件下用嘴去咬苹果，谁先咬到，谁就是优胜者。.

中国菜单中的“Pumpkin”
小米金瓜粥 Millet Congee with Pumpkin
红枣蒸南瓜 ：Steamed Pumpkin with Chinese Dates
南瓜粥 ：Pumpkin Porridge
川式南瓜饼 ：Deep-Fried Pumpkin Cake, Sichuan Style
香脆贴饼子 ：Deep -Fried Corn Cake
炸南瓜饼： Deep-Fried Pumpkin Cake
百合炒南瓜 ：Sautéed Pumpkin with Lily Bulbs
杏仁炒南瓜 ：Sautéed Pumpkin with Almonds
鸭黄焗南瓜 ：Braised Pumpkin with Salted Egg Yolk
芝士南瓜面 ：Noodles with Cheese and Pumpkin Noodles
金瓜鲔鱼炒米粉 ：Fried Rice Noodles with Fish and Pumpkin
南瓜酥： Pumpkin Puff
南瓜团子 ：Pumpkin Dumplings
南瓜酪 ：Pumpkin Pastry
冰镇南瓜茸 ：Iced Pumpkin Mash

[ 本帖最后由 安然 于 2008-11-1 00:05 编辑 ].

英语中有趣的瓜果词汇
英语中的一些水果词汇除了表示水果本身的含义外，用在俚语、谚语和口语中还有特别的含义。
1． Apple 苹果
to be the apple of sb’s eye 某人的掌上明珠
e.g. She is the apple of her father’s eye. 她是她父亲的掌上明珠。

2． Cherry 樱桃
to have another bite at the cherry  有做某事的第二次机会
e.g. Jim failed at his first try, but he was lucky enough to have another bite at the cherry.
吉姆第一次尝试没有成功, 可幸运的是他还有一次机会.
3． Banana 香蕉
to go bananas 发怒,发狂
e.g. Dad will go bananas when he sees this.
爸爸看到这一切会发怒的.
4． Grape 葡萄
to be sour grapes 吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸
e.g. He says he didn’t want to marry her anyway, but that’s just sour grapes.
他说他根本不想娶她, 那不过是吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸罢了.
5． Gooseberry 醋栗
to play gooseberry 做不知趣的人
e.g. I didn’t wish to play gooseberry. 我不想当个不知趣的人.

6． Fig 无花果
not to care a fig for sth. 毫不理会
e.g. I don’t care a fig what others think of me. 我毫不在乎别人对我有什么想法.

7． Lemon 柠檬
to be a lemon 出毛病的东西(尤指汽车); 愚蠢的人
e.g.  He has an old Beetle and that’s a real lemon. 他有辆甲壳虫车,但老是出毛病.
I felt such a lemon when I realized I’d gone on the wrong day.
当我意识到我过去的错误时,我觉得自己简直苯极了.

8． Peach 桃子
to be a peach 美人儿; 同类事物中最好的
e.g. She’s a real peach. 她真是个美人.
That’s a peach of shot. 打得真棒.

9． Peanut 花生
to be peanuts 极少量的(尤其指钱)
e.g. She gets paid peanuts for doing that job. 她那份工作报酬极低.

10. Plum 李子
to get a plum 得到一份报酬高的工作
e.g. She’s got a plum of a job! 她得到了一份高薪的工作.

英语中的“水果语言”

    在英语口语、俚语等非正式表达中，我们常常碰到以水果、蔬菜以及其它食物来喻人、喻事的例子，我们不妨把它称为“水果语言”。它们立意新奇、形式简洁、幽默生动，比起相同意思的普通表达蕴涵着更加丰实的表现力，笔者在此整理了一些常用的“水果语言”，以飨读者。
用水果表达的：

    banana大鼻子
    go banana疯狂
    top banana喜剧主角
    banana seat自行车后座
    apple-polish拍马屁
    a smooth apple讨人喜欢的人
    an apple of discord争端；祸根
    a wise apple傲慢的年轻人
    a squeezed orange被榨干的人
    peaches and cream白里透红的面颊

    用蔬菜表达的：
    potato-head笨蛋
    a small potato微不足道的人
    hot potato棘手的事
    pudding time关键时刻
    pea soup无用的人

    用汉堡、三明治、奶酪等食物表达的：
    out of dough失业
    hard cheese倒霉
    butter up巴结；讨好
    butter fingers拿不稳东西的人
    pie in the sky渺茫的幸福；空头支票
    make hamburger out of someone把某人打得鼻青脸肿.

可以的话，给我发一个。。。。。wulilan0808@sina.com. xiexie!!!.